4+1 View model

2025-4-2 diaba 架构

The "4+1 View model" is a conceptual model used in software engineering, particularly within the context of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and other Unified Process methodologies. It provides a way to describe and visualize the architecture of a software system from different perspectives. The model consists of five views:

  1. Logical View (Use Case View):

    • This view focuses on the functionality provided by the system from the user's perspective.
    • It describes the system's responsibilities and the interactions between the system and its users or other external systems.
    • Use cases are typically used to illustrate this view.

  2. Development View (Implementation View):

    • This view is concerned with the software's implementation and the organization of the code.
    • It includes information about the software's modules, components, classes, and their relationships.
    • It also addresses the technology and frameworks used in the development.

  3. Process View:

    • This view describes the dynamic aspects of the system, such as the processes, threads, and tasks that make up the system's runtime behavior.
    • It illustrates how different parts of the system interact and communicate with each other during execution.

  4. Physical View (Deployment View):

    • This view is concerned with the system's deployment and the physical architecture of the hardware and network.
    • It shows how the software components are distributed across different hardware and nodes, including servers, clients, and network infrastructure.

  5. Scenarios:

    • The "+1" in the 4+1 View model refers to scenarios, which are used to illustrate the use of the system from different perspectives.
    • Scenarios can include use case scenarios, logical scenarios, development scenarios, process scenarios, and deployment scenarios.
    • They provide a narrative or visual representation of how the system is used and how different components interact in specific situations.

The 4+1 View model helps architects and developers to understand and communicate the system's architecture in a structured and comprehensive manner, ensuring that all aspects of the system are considered and documented.

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